Palabras clave
Dieta
Urticaria crónica espontánea
Diamino-oxidasa
Amina
Antihistamínicos
Cómo citar
Plaudit
Resumen
Este artículo analiza los efectos de la dieta restringida en histamina y pseudoalérgenos, como estrategia adicional en el tratamiento de pacientes con urticaria crónica espontánea. Se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de la bibliografía en PubMed y Google Scholar, utilizando términos MeSH y no MeSH vinculados con urticaria, histamina y dieta. La revisión incluyó 78 artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2024. La urticaria crónica espontánea es una enfermedad persistente, en la que una cantidad considerable de pacientes no responde al tratamiento de manera óptima. Incluso un tercio de ellos podría beneficiarse al reducir el consumo de pseudoalérgenos y alimentos con alta cantidad de histamina. Las aminas bioactivas, presentes en varios alimentos, aumentan los síntomas de la urticaria crónica espontánea, al promover la liberación de histamina y otros mediadores inflamatorios. La restricción de histamina en la dieta y el fortalecimiento de la función de la enzima diamino-oxidasa parecen aliviar los síntomas, aunque la variabilidad en las concentraciones de histamina reportados en diferentes estudios complica la formulación de guías estandarizadas. Se concluye que la dieta baja en histamina y pseudoalérgenos es una opción prometedora para reducir los síntomas en pacientes con urticaria crónica espontánea, particularmente en quienes no logran un control adecuado con antihistamínicos. Se recomienda evaluar la eficacia de esta dieta en un periodo de tres a cuatro semanas para observar posibles beneficios. Aun así, se requieren estudios adicionales y mayor estandarización para definir las concentraciones seguras de histamina en los alimentos y mejorar las recomendaciones terapéuticas.
Palabras clave: Histamina; Dieta; Urticaria crónica espontánea; Diamino-oxidasa; Amina; Antihistamínicos.
Referencias
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