Resumen
Antecedentes: Pese a los múltiples beneficios de la inmunoterapia alérgeno-específica, en algunos países se restringe su uso por temor a las reacciones adversas severas.
Objetivo: Evaluar las reacciones sistémicas adversas en pacientes con dermatitis atópica, asma, rinitis y conjuntivitis alérgicas, que recibieron inmunoterapia subcutánea con extractos tirosinados para ácaros Dermatophagoides y Glycyphagoides.
Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo del periodo 2010-2015 en el que se incluyó a 773 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedades mediadas por IgE. Se describió la seguridad de la inmunoterapia alérgeno-específica conforme al sistema de clasificación de las reacciones sistémicas con inmunoterapias subcutánea de la Organización Mundial de Alergias.
Resultados: 79.7 % de los pacientes presentó rinitis, 54.9 % asma, 34.5 % conjuntivitis y 16.4 % dermatitis atópica. De 12 546 dosis subcutánea con extractos tirosinados se registraron 45 reacciones sistémicas: 12 grado 1 (30 %), 27 de grado 2 (67.5 %) y 1 grado 3 (2.5 %); la tasa de reacción fue de 0.35 por cada 100 inyecciones administradas, que representó una incidencia de 5.8 %. No se registraron reacciones fatales.
Conclusión: Con la inmunoterapia subcutánea con extractos tirosinados de Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus y Blomia tropicalis se presentó una frecuencia de reacciones sistémicas similar a la informada con otros extractos.
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