Archivos suplementarios
Palabras clave
Alergia alimentaria
Intolerancia a alimentos
Resumen
Antecedentes: Aunque la prevalencia del asma y enfermedades alérgicas en niños cubanos es alta, se conoce poco de las reacciones adversas a alimentos.
Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo para reacciones adversas a alimentos en niños.
Métodos: Estudio de cohorte de base poblacional de La Habana, Cuba, en un periodo de tres años. Los padres de 1543 niños proveyeron datos médicos y de estilos de vida del primer al tercer año de edad, colectados con un cuestionario. La reacción adversa a alimentos fue definida por diagnóstico médico reportado por los padres o cuidadores.
Resultados: La incidencia acumulada anual fue 5.7, 1.9 y 0.8 % y la prevalencia anual de 5.7, 4 y 2.5 % al uno, dos y tres años, respectivamente; 8 % de los infantes a los tres años tuvo una reacción adversa a alimentos. La leche de vaca fue el alimento más implicado. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron consumo de alimentos alergénicos, uso de antibióticos, factores relacionados con la presencia de alérgenos, historia materna de sobrepeso durante el embarazo y alergia a picaduras de insectos.
Conclusiones: La reacción adversa al alimento es un problema significativo en los niños de La Habana. Se identificaron factores de riesgo modificables, cuya comprensión puede dirigir las intervenciones.
Referencias
Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, et al. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):832-836. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591
Cohen M, Splansky G, Gallagher J, Bernstein DI, Bernestein IL. Epidemiologic survey and validation of adverse food reactions in adult populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985;75:206.
Schäfer T, Bohler E, Ruhdorfer S, Weigl L, Wessner D, Heinrich J, et al. Epidemiology of food allergy/food intolerance in adults: associations with other manifestations of atopy. Allergy. 2001;56:1172–1179. DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00196.x
Schneider Chafen JJ, Newberry S, Riedl M, Bravata DM, Magliones M, Booth M, et al. Prevalence, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergy: a systematic review of the evidence. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2010. Disponible en: http://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/2010/RAND_WR757-1.pdf
Prescott S, Pawankar R, Allen K, Campbell DE, Sinn JKH, Fiocchi A, et al. A global survey of changing patterns of food allergy burden in children. World Allergy Organ J. 2013;6:18. DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-21
Simoons FJ. Primary adult lactose intolerance and the milking habit: A problem in biologic and cultural interrelations: II. A culture historical hypothesis. Am J Dig Dis. 1970;15(8):695-710.
Venero-Fernández SJ, Varona-Pérez P, Fabré-Ortiz D, Suárez-Medina R, Bonet-Gorbea M, Molina-Esquivel E, et al. Asma bronquial y rinitis en escolares de Ciudad de La Habana (2001 a 2002). Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol. 2009;47(1). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-30032009000100005
Varona-Pérez P, Fabré-Ortiz D, Águila R, Corona B, Venero-Fernández S, Suárez-Medina R. Prevalencia de síntomas de dermatitis atópica en niños y adolescentes en La Habana (2002-2003). Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr. 2012;28(1). Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252012000100006
Suárez-Medina R, Venero-Fernández SJ, De la Mora-Faife E, García-García G, Del-Valle-Infante I, Gómez-Marrero L, et al. Risk factors for eczema in infants born in Cuba: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Dermatol. 2014;14:6. DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-6
Venero-Fernández, S, Suarez-Medina, R, Mora-Faife E, García-García G, Valle-Infante I, Gómez-Marrero L, et al. Risk factors for wheezing in infants born in Cuba. QJM. 2013;106(13):1023-1029. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct143
Fundora-Hernández, H, Venero-Fernández SJ, Suárez-Medina R, Mora-Faife E, García-García G, Del-Valle-Infante I, et al. What are the main environmental exposures associated with elevated IgE in Cuban infants? A population-based study. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19(5):45-554. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12293
Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Muraro A, Werfel T, Cardona V, et al. The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2014;69(1):62-75. DOI: 10.1111/all.12305
Molloy J, Koplin J, Ponsonby AL, Tang M, Collier F, Allen K, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy in infants in the Barwon Region, Victoria, Australia. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5(Suppl 3):P89. DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-5-S3-P89
Bock SA. Prospective appraisal of complaints of adverse reactions to foods in children during the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics. 1987;79(5):683-688.
Eggesbø M, Halvorsen R, Tambs K, Botten G. Prevalence of parentally perceived adverse reactions to food in young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1999;10(2):122-132. DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.1999.00022.x
Jansen JJ, Kardinnal AF, Huijbers G, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Martens BP, Ockhuizen T. Prevalence of food allergy and intolerance in the adult Dutch population. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994;93(2):446-456.
Schneider-Chafen JJ, Newberry S, Riedl M, Bravata DM, Maglione M, Suttorp M, et al. Prevalence, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergy. A systematic review of the literature. USA: RAND Health; 2010.
Osborne NJ, Koplin JJ, Martin PE, Gurrin LC, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, et al. Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):668-676. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.039
Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;125(Suppl 2):S116-S125. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.028
Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):291-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.020
Acker WW, Plasek JM, Blumenthal KJ, Lai KH, Topaz M, Seger L. Prevalence of food allergies and intolerances documented in electronic health records. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(6):1587-1591. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.006
Sánchez J, Sánchez A. Epidemiology of food allergy in Latin America. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(2):185-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.07.001
Vio F, Vicherat L, González C, Fonseca X, Acuña M, Mullins E, et al. Percepción de los padres sobre reacciones adversas a los alimentos en preescolares y escolares. Rev Chil Pediatr. 1997;68(4):157-164. DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41061997000400002
Schnabel E, Sausenthaler S, Schaaf B, Schäfer T, Lehmann I, Behrendt H, et al. Prospective association between food sensitization and food allergy: results of the LISA birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(3):450-457. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03400.x
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1):183-191. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3022
Venter C, Arshad SH. Epidemiology of food allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(2):327-349. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.011
Høst A. Frequency of cow’s milk allergy in childhood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002;89(6 Suppl 1):33-37.
Netuveli G, Hurwitz B, Levy M, Fletcher M, Barnes G, Durham SR, et al. Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2005;365(9456):312-317. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17785-X
Fretzayas A, Kotzia D, Moustaki M. Controversial role of pets in the development of atopy in children. World J Pediatr. 2013;9(2):112-119. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-013-0412-6
Revelas A, Katasos T. The effects of maternal diet and breastfeeding on children with asthma and allergy. S Afr Fam Pract. 2012;54(6):492-494. DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2012.10874281
Lee JM, Jin HJ, Noh G, Lee SS. Effect of processed foods on serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein among children with atopic dermatitis. Nutr Res Pract. 2011;5(3):224-229. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.3.224
Nyambok E, Robinson C. The role of food additives and chemicals in food allergy. Ann Food Process Preserv. 2016;1(1):1006. Disponible en: https://www.jscimedcentral.com/FoodProcessing/foodprocessing-1-1006.pdf
Skypala IJ, Williams M, Reeves L, Meyer R, Venter C. Sensitivity to food additives, vaso-active amines and salicylates: a review of the evidence. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:34. DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0078-3
Skypala I, Vlieg-Boerstra B. Food intolerance and allergy: increased incidence or contemporary inadequate diets? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Car. 2014;17(5):442-447. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000086
Blázquez AB, Berin MC. Microbiome and food allergy. Transl Res. 2017;179:199-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.09.003
Azad MB, Chan-Yeung M, Chan ES, Dytnerski AM, Kozyrskyj AL, Ramsey Cet, al. Wheezing patterns in early childhood and the risk of respiratory and allergic disease in adolescence. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(4):393-395. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4127
Hirsch AG, Pollak J, Glass TA, Poulsen MN, Bailey-Davis L, Mowery J, et al. Earlylife antibiotic use and subsequent diagnosis of food allergy and allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(2):236-244. DOI: 10.1111/cea.12807
Gigante G, Tortora A, Ianiro G, Ojetti V, Purchiaroni F, Campanale M, et al. Role of gut microbiota in food tolerance and allergies. Dig Dis. 2011;29(6):540-549. DOI: 10.1159/000332977
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2018 Revista Alergia México