Resumen
En diversos análisis epidemiológicos —especialmente en aquellos realizados en regiones del trópico— se ha observado notable aumento en la prevalencia de la dermatitis atópica. El estudio internacional más extendido que evalúa la epidemiología de la dermatitis es el estudio ISAAC, que examinó la prevalencia de las enfermedades atópicas más prevalentes en la infancia en casi 200 centros en más de 50 países del mundo. De acuerdo con este estudio, la prevalencia de dermatitis en países tropicales, especialmente de América Latina, fue mayor en comparación con otras regiones, con una moda de 15 %. Esta mayor prevalencia entre poblaciones que utilizan la misma encuesta sugiere que algunos factores genéticos y ambientales tienen un efecto importante en el desarrollo de la dermatitis. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que las encuestas fueron completadas por los participantes, es posible que existiera sesgo e identificación errónea de la enfermedad por parte del individuo, por lo que es necesario realizar estudios comparativos con los estudios de cohorte de la región para determinar si son clínicamente relevantes o no. En este artículo comparamos la prevalencia de dermatitis reportada por el estudio ISAAC en países tropicales y algunos estudios en la región que utilizaron otros métodos diagnósticos.
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