Resumen
Antecedentes: Se conoce poco sobre la sensibilización a camarón en pacientes con alergias respiratorias sensibilizados a ácaros y la importancia clínica de dicha sensibilización en el trópico.
Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de sensibilización a camarón en pacientes con rinitis o asma sensibilizados a ácaros, explorar la ruta de sensibilización, su relevancia y el papel de la sensibilización a tropomiosina.
Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en pacientes con asma y rinitis sensibilizados a ácaros. Mediante encuesta se indagó consumo de camarón y control del asma o rinitis. Se realizaron pruebas de provocación oral con camarón a los individuos sensibilizados a ácaros y camarón sin consumo, o con consumo mayor a seis meses, sin historia de reacción. En un subgrupo se midió la sIgE para camarón, Der p y Lit v 1. Se compararon los pacientes sensibilizados a ácaro y camarón (casos) y los sensibilizados solo a ácaros (controles).
Resultados: De 229 pacientes, 48 (21 %) se encontraban sensibilizados a camarón. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la ingesta de camarón entre casos (54.2 %) y controles (49.7 %); ocho casos presentaron síntomas al contacto con camarón. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la sIgE para Der p, Lit v1 y camarón entre casos y controles. Se observó cambio mediano en la magnitud de efecto: 0.45, 0.44 y 0.41, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La sensibilización a camarón en pacientes con asma o rinitis alérgica por ácaros es alta, en 25 % parece ser clínicamente relevante, principalmente en aquellos con asma. La ingesta no es la principal vía de exposición a la tropomiosina; la reactividad cruzada puede explicar la frecuencia de sensibilización.
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