Palabras clave
Hipersensibilidad a medicamentos
Reacción adversa a medicamentos
Reacción tardía a medicamentos
Resumen
Antecedentes: La reacción adversa a medicamentos es estímulo imprevisto, derivado de la farmacocinética del tratamiento (tipo A) o por respuesta inmunológica (tipo B), que resulta en manifestaciones indeseables para el paciente luego de la administración de algún fármaco. Las reacciones tipo B están menos definidas y se consideran una reacción de hipersensibilidad al medicamento, categorizadas como inmediatas (se manifiestan entre 1-6 horas después de la exposición) y tardías o no inmediatas (posteriores a 6 horas de la exposición).
Objetivo: Revisión de la bibliografía que describe los mecanismos inmunológicos de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía.
Métodos: La búsqueda de la información se llevó a cabo en las principales bases de datos, en relación con las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía a medicamentos. la búsqueda se limitó a artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023, en idioma inglés y español.
Resultados: Se describen las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardías a medicamentos, clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, algoritmos de tratamiento y pronóstico.
Conclusión: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos representan un desafío para el médico especialista, con una fisiopatología compleja. Se requiere establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento enfocado en el fenotipo del fármaco y su expresión inmunológica, para de esta forma brindar el abordaje multidisciplinario correspondiente.
Palabras clave: Alergia a medicamentos; Hipersensibilidad a medicamentos; Reacción adversa a medicamentos; Reacción tardía a medicamentos.
Referencias
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