Resumen
Los linfocitos B son unos de los tipos celulares más importantes de la respuesta inmunitaria de los mamíferos. El origen y evolución de este tipo celular se desconocen, pero el linfocito B bona fide aparece en peces. En esta revisión se analizan los principales componentes de la respuesta inmunitaria en invertebrados, su distribución filogenética y la permanencia de algunas propiedades que permitieron el surgimiento del linfocito B. Se parte de la idea de que muchos de los componentes que caracterizan a los linfocitos B están distribuidos desde los invertebrados; sin embargo, es en el linfocito donde se integran todos estos componentes que le dan identidad a este tipo celular. El conocimiento actual de los linfocitos proviene, en su mayor parte, del estudio de la fisiología en mamíferos y como mayor representante el ratón. El origen del linfocito B, sus mecanismos alternativos de generación de diversidad de receptores, su respuesta inmunitaria efectora y la generación de memoria, requieren para su estudio de un abordaje multidisciplinario y con enfoque evolutivo.
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