Resumen
La medicina es uno de los campos del conocimiento que más podrían beneficiarse de una interacción cercana con la computación y las matemáticas, mediante la cual se optimizarían procesos complejos e imperfectos como el diagnóstico diferencial. De esto se ocupa el aprendizaje automático, rama de la inteligencia artificial que construye y estudia sistemas capaces de aprender a partir de un conjunto de datos de adiestramiento y de mejorar procesos de clasificación y predicción. En México, en los últimos años se ha avanzado en la implantación del expediente electrónico y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud cuentan con una riqueza de datos clínicos almacenada. Para que esos datos se conviertan en conocimiento, necesitan ser procesados y analizados a través de métodos estadísticos complejos, como ya se hace en otros países, usando: razonamiento basado en casos, redes neuronales artificiales, clasificadores bayesianos, regresión logística multivariante o máquinas de soporte vectorial, entre otros. Esto facilitará el diagnóstico clínico de padecimientos como: apendicitis aguda, cáncer de mama o hepatopatía crónica. En esta revisión se repasan conceptos, antecedentes, ejemplos y métodos de aprendizaje automático en diagnóstico clínico.Referencias
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