Resumen
Antecedentes: la inmunoterapia subcutánea con alergenos ha demostrado ser sumamente efectiva para el tratamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias mediadas por IgE. Sin embargo, pocos estudios exploran los mecanismos inmunológicos de la inmunoterapia en pacientes con dermatitis atópica.
Objetivo: explorar la respuesta inmunológica en pacientes con dermatitis atópica que reciben inmunoterapia con ácaros de acuerdo con la inmunidad humoral y la activación de basófilos.
Material y método: estudio abierto en el que se evaluó la severidad de la dermatitis con el índice SCORAD en 20 pacientes (10 con inmunoterapia y 10 sin inmunoterapia) cada tres meses durante dos años. Las muestras de suero se tomaron previo al inicio del estudio y al primer y segundo año de seguimiento para evaluar la expresión de CD63 en basófilos, concentraciones de IgE total, IgE e IgG4 específica para Der p y Der f. Diez pacientes con rinitis alérgica y cinco controles no alérgicos se incluyeron en el estudio como controles.
Resultados: la expresión de CD63 en los basófilos después de la estimulación con Der p fue más alta en los pacientes con dermatitis que en los pacientes con rinitis y en los sujetos no alérgicos. Luego del primer y segundo año de tratamiento, la expresión de CD63 fue menor en el grupo de pacientes con dermatitis que recibieron inmunoterapia en comparación con los tres grupos control. Observamos una correlación entre el SCORAD, IgG4 y la expresión de CD63.
Conclusión: en pacientes con dermatitis, la prueba de activación de basófilos podría usarse como biomarcador de respuesta clínica; asimismo, la modulación de esta célula puede llevar a un mejor control clínico.Referencias
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Derechos de autor 2014 Revista Alergia México