Keywords
climate change
pollution
pollen
Abstract
Air pollution, climate change and the reduction of biological diversity are major threats to human health. An increase in allergic diseases including asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis has been observed in the last decades. Up to 40% of the world population may have an allergic disease, representing a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it, with environmental pollution being one of the causes of its presentation. Air pollution causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxidative stress in patients with respiratory diseases can induce eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, increase atopic allergic sensitization, and increase susceptibility to infections. Climate change has influenced exposure to extramural allergens and is associated with exacerbations of upper and lower respiratory diseases. The interaction of indoor and outdoor environmental exposures and host factors can affect the development and progression of lifelong allergic diseases. The reduction of exposure to air pollutants has been associated with a favorable response in respiratory health, for which it is necessary to implement measures that contribute to the improvement in air quality.
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