Adverse reaction to food additives in a pediatric patient

Abstract

Background: Food additives are intentionally-added ingredients in order to modify physical, chemical, biological, or sensory characteristics of foods. Allergic reactions caused by additives are uncommon in children, and their prevalence is not known; however, they can be severe.

Case report: An 8-year-old male presented with anaphylaxis and recurrent anaphylactic shocks due to multiple triggering factors such as food additives and medications. Point-of-care skin tests were performed with several additives, with positive results. Personalized emergency treatment was indicated in view of the possibility of anaphylaxis (adrenaline, diphenhydramine and dexamethasone) and environmental care for aeroallergens. Owing to a history of adverse reaction to salbutamol (giant or generalized urticaria), formoterol dry powder was indicated, which was well tolerated. Organic food exclusive consumption was recommended.

Conclusions: The diagnosis of allergy to additives should be suspected when the patient has a suggestive medical history, allergy to multiple foods or medications, reaction with manufactured foods, unrelated to organic products.