Resumen
La inmunodeficiencia combinada (IDC) por deficiencia de DOCK8 es un error innato de la inmunidad, caracterizado por alteración en linfocitos T y B; el espectro de manifestaciones incluye alergia, autoinmunidad, inflamación, predisposición a cáncer e infecciones recurrentes. La deficiencia de DOCK8 se puede distinguir de otras IDC o dentro del espectro de síndromes de hiper-IgE porque presenta una profunda susceptibilidad a las infecciones virales de la piel, con cánceres de piel asociados y alergias alimentarias graves. El locus subtelomérico 9p24.3, donde se ubica DOCK8, incluye numerosos elementos repetitivos de secuencia que predisponen a la generación de grandes deleciones de la línea germinal, así como a la reparación del ADN somático, mediada por recombinación. La producción residual de la proteína DOCK8 contribuye al fenotipo variable de la enfermedad. Las infecciones virales graves de la piel y la vasculopatía asociada a virus de la varicela Zóster (VVZ) reflejan una función importante de la proteína DOCK8, que normalmente se requiere para mantener la integridad de los linfocitos a medida que las células migran a través de tejidos. La pérdida de DOCK8 provoca deficiencias inmunitarias a través de otros mecanismos, incluido un defecto de supervivencia celular. Existen alteraciones en la respuesta de las células dendríticas, lo que explica la susceptibilidad a infección por virus, así como en los linfocitos T reguladores que podrían ayudar a explicar la autoinmunidad en los pacientes. El trasplante de células hematopoyéticas pluripotenciales es por el momento el único tratamiento curativo, mejora el eccema, la alergia y la susceptibilidad a infecciones.
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