Resumen
La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor anti-N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad clínica potencialmente letal perteneciente al grupo de las encefalitis mediadas por anticuerpos contra proteínas sinápticas. En esta se demuestran anticuerpos IgG contra el receptor de NMDA (NMDAr), asociados con síntomas psiquiátricos y neurológicos que se desarrollan por estadios en el curso de la enfermedad. El predominio de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en las etapas tempranas provoca que un elevado porcentaje de pacientes busquen evaluación psiquiátrica como un primer contacto con el sistema de salud. Por esta razón, es vital que los médicos reconozcan esta entidad como un diagnóstico diferencial importante en la práctica clínica, puesto que, a pesar de la gravedad de esta condición, más de 75 % de los pacientes logra una recuperación sustancial con un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno. Presentamos una revisión de la literatura sobre esta enfermedad, con especial énfasis en los aspectos neuropsiquiátricos.
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