La neurología de COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29262/ram.v67i4.828

Palabras clave:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, Tormenta de citocinas, Afectaciones neurológicas

Resumen

Las manifestaciones clínicas de COVID-19 recuerdan las del síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda inducido por el síndrome de liberación de citocinas y la linfohistiocitosis hemofagocitica observada en pacientes con otros coronavirus como SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV. Los neurólogos tienen el reto de evaluar pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas preexistentes que contraen SARS-CoV-2, pacientes con COVID-19 que presentan emergencias neurológicas y pacientes portadores del virus que desarrollan complicaciones neurológicas secundarias, durante el curso de la enfermedad o posterior a la misma. Algunos autores y reportes en la literatura recientes sugieren que las manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes portadores de SARS-CoV-2 pueden asociarse con mayor gravedad de la enfermedad.

Citas

Organización Mundial de ls Salud [Internet]. Ginebra, Suiza: Brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus

COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University & Medicine [Internet]. EE. UU.: Johns Hopkins University & Medicine; c2021. Disponible en: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-1720. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Majid F, Ali M, Somayeh M, Cyrus AR. Neurobiology of COVID-19. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):3-19. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200581

Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, et al. The natural history, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;1-28. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09944-5

Mohammadi S, Moosaie F, Aarabi MH. Understanding the immunologic characteristics of neurologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and potential immunological mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol. 2020;57(12):5263-5275. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02094-y

Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, Huang J, Gan J, Huang X, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(5):1451-1454. DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0530-3

Han R, Huang L, Jiang H, Dong J, Peng H, Zhang D. Early clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. AJR Ame J Roentgenol. 2020;215(2):338-343. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.20.22961

García LF. Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11.1441. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441

Chong K, Mehta PR, Shukla G, Mehta AR. COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a neurological perspective. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77:13-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.124

Cheng Q, Yang Y, Gao J. Infectivity of human coronavirus in the brain. EBioMedicine. 2020;56:102799. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102799

Li H, Xue Q, Xu X. Involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurotox Res. 2020;38(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00219-8

Kursat-Azkur A, Akdis M, Sokolowska M, van de Veen W, Brüggen C, O’Mahony L, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy. 2020;75(7):1564-1581. DOI: 10.1111/all.14364

Guihot A, Litvinova E, Autran B, Debré P, Vieillard V. Cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 infection. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1662. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01662

Kim SY, Kim DW. Does the clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) show regional differences? Clin Exp Otorhinnolaryngol. 2020;13(2):83-84. DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00612

Abboud H, Abboud FZ, Kharbouch H, Arkha Y, Abbadi NE, Ouahabi AE. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathophysiology and clinical effects on the nervous system. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:49-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.193

Zhou Z, Kang H, Li S, Zhao X. Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2179-2184. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09929-7

Fathi N, Rezaei N. Lymphopenia in COVID-19: therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biol Int. 2020;44(9):1792-1797. DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11403

Koralnik IJ, Kenneth LT. COVID-19: a global threat to the nervous system. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1002/ana.25807

Asadi-Pooya AA, Simani L. Central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review. J Neurol Sci. 2020;413:116832. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116832

Brouwer MC, Ascione T, Pagliano P. Neurologic aspects of COVID-19: a concise review. Infez Med. 2020;28(Suppl 1):42-45. Disponible en: https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_28_suppl1_2020_7.pdf

Ellul MA, Benjamin L, Singh B, Lant S, Michael BD, Easton A, et al. Neurological associations of COVID-19. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):767-783. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, de Siati DR, Horoi M, D Le Bon S, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2251-2261. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1

Politi LS, Salsano E, Grimaldi M. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(8):1028-1029. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2125

Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, Quanwei H, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):683-690. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127

Tsai ST, Lu MK, San S, Tsai CH. The neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a systemic review. Front Neurol. 2020;11:498. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00498

Xiangming Meng, Yanzhong Deng, Zhiyong Dai, Zhisheng Meng. COVID-19 and anosmia: a review based on up-to-date knowledge. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(5):102581. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581

Bolay H, Gül A, Baykan B. COVID-19 is a real headache! Headache. 2020:10.1111/head.13856. DOI: 10.1111/head.13856

Yavarpour-Bali H, Ghasemi-Kasman M. Update on neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Life Sci. 2020;257:118063. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118063

Correia AO, Feitosa PWG, Moreira JLDS, Nogueira SÁR, Fonseca RB, Nobre MEP. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronaviruses: A systematic review. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res. 2020;37:27-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.008

Merkler A, Parikh N, Mir S, Gupta A. Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 20019 (COVID19) vs patients with Influenza. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(11):1-7. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2730

Ferrarese C, Silani V, Priori A, Galimberti S, Agostoni E, Monaco S, et al. An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID). Neurol Sci. 2020;41(6):1355-1359. DOI:10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1

Vacchiano V, Riguzzi P, Volpi L, Tappatà M, Avoni P, Rizzo G, et al. Early neurological manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Neurol Sci. 2020 Aug;41(8):2029-2031. DOI:10.1007/s10072-020-04525-z

Sharifian-Dorche M, Huot P, Osherov M, Wen D, Saveriano A, Giacomini PS, et al. Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci. 2020;417:117085. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117085

Nepal G, Rehrig JH, Shrestha GS, Shing YK, Yadav JK, Ojha R, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):421. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03121-z

Pinna P, Grewal P, Julianne P, Hall JP, Tavarez T, Dafer RM, et al. Neurological manifestations and COVID-19: experiences from a tertiary care center at the Frontline. J Neurol Sci. 2020;415:116969. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116969

Wang L, Shen Y, Li M, Chuang H, Ye Y, Zhao H, et al. Clinical manifestations and evidence of neurological involvement in 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2020;267(10):2777-2789. DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09974-2

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S, van Laethem Y, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med. 2020;288(3):335-344. DOI: 10.1111/joim.13089

Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Layos-Romero A, García-García J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the ALBACOVID registry. Neurology. 2020;95(8):e1060-e1070. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009937

Divani AA, Andalib S, di Napoli M, Lattanzi S, Shazam-Hussain M, Biller J, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 and stroke: clinical manifestations and pathophysiological insights. J Stroke Cerebr Dis. 2020;29(8):104941. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104941

Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062

Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B, et al. COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: imaging features. 2020;296(2):E119-E120. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201187

Krett J, Jewett GA, Elton-Lacasse C, Fonseca K, Hahn C, Selena A, et al. Hemorrhagic encephalopathy associated with COVID-19. J Neuroimmunol. 2020;346:577326. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577326

Dixon L, Varley J, Gontsarova A, Mallon D, Tona F, Muir D, et al. COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e789. DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000789

Safaa Saeed Al Mazrouei, Ghufran Aref Saeed, Abeer Ahmed Al Helali, Manzoor Ahmed. COVID-19-associated encephalopathy: neurological manifestation of COVID-19. Radiol Case Rep. 2020;15(9):1646-1649. DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.009

Orsucci D, Caldarazzo-Ienco E, Nocita G, Napolitano A, Vista M. Neurological features of COVID-19 and their treatment: a review. Drugs Context. 2020;9:2020-5-1. DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-5-1

Kilinc D, van de Pasch S, Doets AY, Jacobs BC, van Vliet J, Garssen MPJ. Guillain-Barré syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(9):1757-1758. DOI: 10.1111/ene.14398.

Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: the first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease More to come with myositis in the offing. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e781. DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781

Descargas

Publicado

2020-12-05 — Actualizado el 2021-02-13

Número

Vol. 67 Núm. 4 (2020): Octubre-diciembre

Sección

Artículos de revisión

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2020 Revista Alergia México

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

El contenido de los artículos es responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no necesariamente refleja el punto de vista del Consejo Editorial de Revista Alergia México ni del Colegio, sin embargo, los derechos autorales de los trabajos científicos son propiedad de la revista, por lo que para cualquier tipo de reproducción, total o parcial, requerirá notificación a la misma y el reconocimiento de los créditos.