Abstract
Background: The impact of obesity on the severity of asthma continues to be a cause of controversy.
Objective: To compare the severity of asthma and asthma control in obese patients with non-obese patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study which included 188 patients with asthma, of ≥ 18 years of age, who were selected consecutively. The patients were categorized and compared based on the presence or absence of obesity. In order to establish an association between variables, logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results: In total, 111/188 of the patients had obesity; these patients were older than those without obesity (35.9 ± 15.3 years vs. 44.4 ± 13.8 years, p <0.001). No significant difference was observed in the groups regarding sex, total IgE serum concentration, peripheral blood eosinophil count, personal history of atopic diseases, frequency of allergic sensitization, hospitalization for asthma, and asthma control. Overall, obesity was significantly associated with moderate-severe asthma (OR = 1.82, p = 0.047), but not with asthma control (p = 0.094).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with asthma and obesity are older and that their pulmonary function is worse, which is reflected in a greater level of severity of asthma.
References
Delgado J, Barranco P, Quirce S. Obesity and asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2008;18(6):420-425. Disponible en: http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol18issue6/2.pdf
Dixon AE, Holguin F, Sood A, Salome CM, Pratley R, Beuther DA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society Workshop report: obesity and asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010;7(5):325-335. DOI: 10.1513/pats.200903-013ST
Novosad S, Khan S, Wolfe B, Khan A. Role of obesity in asthma control, the obesity-asthma phenotype. J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:538642. DOI: 10.1155/2013/538642
Baffi CW, Winnica DE, Holguin F. Asthma and obesity: mechanisms and clinical implications. Asthma Res Pract. 2015;1:1. DOI: 10.1186/s40733-015-0001-7
Lavoie KL, Bacon SL, Labrecque M, Cartier A, Ditto B. Higher BMI is associated with worse asthma control and quality of life but not asthma severity. Respir Med. 2006;100(4):648-657. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.08.001
Lessard A, Turcotte H, Cormier Y, Boulet LP. Obesity and asthma: a specific phenotype? Chest. 2008;134:317-323. DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-295
Carra-Forte G, Maltz-Grutcki D, Millán-Menegotto S, Petrik-Pereira R, Roth-Dalcin PT. Prevalence of obesity in asthma and its relations with asthma severity and control. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2013;59(6):594-599. DOI: 10.1016/j.ramb.2013.06.015
Vermette A, Boulay ME, Boulet L-P. Discrepancies between asthma control criteria in asthmatic patients with and without obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016;24(9):1854-1860. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21568
Tavasoli S, Heidarnazhad H, Kazemnejad A, Miri S. Association between asthma severity and obesity in two asthma clinics in Tehran. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005;4(4):179-183. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6504893_Association_between_Asthma_Severity_and_Obesity_in_Two_Asthma_Clinics_in_Tehran/fulltext/0e5fdd64f0c404bcbfb2972f/Association-between-Asthma-Severity-and-Obesity-in-Two-Asthma-Clinics-in-Tehran.pdf
Taylor B, Mannino D, Brown C, Crocker D, Twum-Baah N, Holguin F. Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey. Thorax. 2008;63(1):14-20. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.082784
Maalej S, Yaacoub Z, Fakhfekh R, Yaalaoui S, Kheder AB, Drira I. Association of obesity with asthma severity, control and quality of life. Tanaffos. 2012;11(1):38-43. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153179/pdf/Tanaffos-11-038.pdf
Labor M, Popović-Grle S, Labor S, Jurić. Asthma control in obesity-associated asthma phenotype in East Croatia. Med Glas (Zenica). 2014;11(1):49-57.
Vortmann M, Eisner MD. BMI and health status among adults with asthma. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16:146-152. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.7
Pakhale S, Doucette S, Vandemheen K, Boulet L-P, McIvor RA, Fitzgerald JM, et al. A comparison of obese and nonobese people with asthma: exploring an asthma-obesity interaction. Chest. 2010;137(6):1316-1323. DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2491
Mosen DM, Schatz M, Magid DJ, Camargo CA. The relationship between obesity and asthma severity and control in adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(3):507-511. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.024
Lv N, Xiao L, Camargo CA, Wilson SR, Buist AS, Strub P, et al. Abdominal and general adiposity and level of asthma control in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(8):1218-1224. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201405-214OC
Zhong N, Lin J, Zheng J, Lai K, Xie C, Tang K-J, et al. Uncontrolled asthma and its risk factors in adult Chinese asthma patients. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016;10(6):507-517. DOI: 10.1177/1753465816663978
Clerisme-Beaty EM, Karam S, Rand C, Patino CM, Bilderback A, Riekert KA, et al. Does higher body mass index contribute to worse asthma control in an urban population? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2):207-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.034
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19: resultados nacionales. México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2020. Disponible en: https://ensanut.insp.mx/encuestas/ensanut2018/doctos/informes/ensanut_2018_informe_final.pdf
Larenas-Linnemann D, Salas-Hernández J, Vázquez-García JC, Ortiz-Aldana I, Fernández-Vega M, del Río-Navarro BE, et al. Guía Mexicana del Asma 2017. Rev Alerg Mex. 2017;64(Supl 1):s111-s128. DOI: 10.29262/ram.v64i0.272
Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. EE. UU.: Global Initiative for Asthma; 2006. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/GINA_WR_2006_copyright%5B1%5D.pdf
Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, et al. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):59-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.008
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319-338. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
Çelebi-Sözener Z, Aydın Ö, Mungan D, Mısırlıgil Z. Obesity-asthma phenotype: Effect of weight gain on asthma control in adults. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016;37(4):311-317. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3949
Thomson CC, Clark S, Camargo CA, MARC Investigators. Body mass index and asthma severity among adults presenting to the emergency department. Chest. 2003;124(3):795-802. DOI: 10.1378/chest.124.3.795
Wang L, Wang K, Gao X, Paul TK, Cai J, Wang Y. Sex difference in the association between obesity and asthma in U.S. adults: findings from a national study. Respir Med. 2015;109(8):955-962. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.06.001
Eijkemans M, Mommers M, Draaisma JM, Thijs C, Prins MH. Physical activity and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e50775. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050775
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Alergia México